The Brown Vs. Board Of Education Essay - 1195 Words

Introduction Economic segregation is one of Charlotte’s biggest growing problems in the Charlotte Mecklenburg school system. Wealthy and poor families are becoming divided as new housing development plans take place. Many students go to their closest schools due to lack of transportation and in response, the schools become either rich schools, or poor schools. This then results in unfair education opportunities. Many residents of Charlotte NC are unaware of this, or feel they have no voice. It is however the law for students to receive equal education, and North Carolina has a No Child left Behind Act that is clearly not in full effect in CMS, which will eventually force CMS supervisors to start playing a role in how their schools will not fall short of making their students successful. Background The Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 ruled it illegal for public schools to be segregated. Charlotte N.C, in order to fulfill the needs of integrating their schools started to provide busing and mix in all black and all white schools. This made Charlotte known around the United States as an example city for all to follow. Fast forward some years and we later have an argument on whether or not busing students to different school was really actually constitutional. The response was that it was not, and the busing system ended. Now in most recent years, the recession has played a key role into how schools are changing. Areas of Charlotte are growing and developingShow MoreRelatedBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 Pagesbring on change. Brown vs Board of education is one case that still has great significance in history. Not only did it have a huge effect on segregation, but America as well would not be the same. My surroundings would totally change if this case had not been established. Brandon would not be my best friend, and sadly without the desegregation in schools we would have never crossed paths. Oliver Brown stood as the representative plaintiff in the case Brown vs. Borad of Education. He felt so strongRead MoreBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 Pagesbring about change. Brown vs Board of education is one case that still has great significance in history. Not only did it have a huge effect on segregation, but America as well would not be the same. My surroundings would totally change if this case had not been established. Brandon would not be my best friend, and sadly without the desegregation in schools, we would have never crossed paths. Oliver Brown stood as the representative plaintiff in the case Brown vs. Borad of Education. He felt so strongRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education1143 Words   |  5 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education (1954) was a landmark Supreme Court Case that overturned the separate but equal ideology established by the earlier Supreme Court Case Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896). The Plessy vs. Ferguson court case had a profound affect on the social interaction of racial groups in the late 19th to early 20th century causing tension between the two most prominent races within the United States, the Caucasians and the African Americans, which included Hispanics and other non-white citizensRead MoreBrown vs Board of Education600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education as a major turning point in African American. Brown vs Board of Education was arguably the most important cases that impacted the African Americans and the white society because it brought a whole new perspective on whether à ¢â‚¬Å"separate but equal† was really equal. The Brown vs Board of Education was made up of five different cases regarding school segregation. â€Å"While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsoredRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education878 Words   |  4 Pages Brown vs. Board of Education Is our nation becoming segregated again in light of the recent current events? When you turned on your television last week, did you get a sense of remorse for both the black community as well as the law enforcement community? Our nation is facing many obstacles today regarding equal rights for all. Recently, I have read an essay released in a magazine called, The American School Board Journal, titled â€Å"The Ruling that Changed America† by Juan Williams which he alsoRead MoreThe Brown Vs Board Of Education Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education was a remarkable set of five cases that paved the way for desegregation in schools and eventually resulting in the Civil Rights Act being passed. These cases however weren’t the only catalysts that forced the Supreme Court to question the wording of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and neither were they the only pivotal cases that changed the way America as a whole looked at the black commu nity and how to interact with them. The Plessy vs Ferguson case wasRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education2484 Words   |  10 PagesBrown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on the base of race to be in a democratic society. Brown vRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education2169 Words   |  9 PagesKirisitina Maui’a HIS 303 Brown vs. Board of Education Mr. Mohammad Khatibloo November 1, 2010 Brown v. Board of Education â€Å"To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone† by Chief Justice Earl Warren, Majority Opinion. Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk one mile to a bus stop by walking throughRead MoreEssay on Brown vs. Board of Education786 Words   |  4 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education Although slavery was finally ended at the end of the nineteenth century black people found themselves still in the process of fighting. What they had to fight for was their own rights. The Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the civil war brought about literal freedom but the beliefs and attitudes of whites, especially in the south kept the black people repressed. In this paper I would like to share the research that I found that helped to launch the fightRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesBrown v. Board of Education The case of brown v. board of education was one of the biggest turning points for African Americans to becoming accepted into white society at the time. Brown vs. Board of education to this day remains one of, if not the most important cases that African Americans have brought to the surface for the better of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education (Silent Covenants pg 11); it was about being equal in a society that

Interpreting Accounting Information Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Interpreting Accounting Information for Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Calculation of cost of goods or services is very necessary to be computed for the organization providing manufacturing as well as services. For the ascertainment of the profit, it is very necessary to know the selling price of any product or service. As per "AASB 102", inventory cost should have purchased cost of material, conversion cost and another cost about inventories. Therefore it is mandatory for recognizing the expense and allocation in exact cost unit for the determining cost of purchase and another cost. Product costing is referred as the method for calculating the cost of product and service through the allocation of all expense related to business equally in the total production cost. So, it helps to know the exact method for calculating the cost of products. Purpose of Product Costing System The purpose of the Product costing can be known in two ways, first will be the primary goal and secondary goal. The primary goal of the Product costing can be referred to as one of the common reason for the inclusion of Product Costing of business. The primary goal of Product costing is given below: Computation of cost and selling price Product costing on a product or service in a firm is very much necessary. Management will not be able to compute the exact selling price of the product unless and until there is the exact computation of production cost is done because it will take the company in the loss (Collier,2015). Expenses to be allocated Product costing method uses the proper allocation of the expenses under the exact overhead. So it is very necessary to include only that cost only which is used for manufacturing purpose. As per AASB, the production cost is to be calculated only on the expense related to manufacturing of the goods (Demski,2013). Ascertaining Selling Price and Profits It is already said above that selling price plays a vital role in computing production cost of the product. Selling price is mainly determined by the price of competitor and market. Therefore production cost plays a vital component for assessing the profit of the company. According to the method of account cost of production is used for calculating gross profit only after excluding the cost from the revenue. Gross profit is further used for computing net profit which stands as criteria for the managers of the business (Drury,2013). A secondary goal of the production cost is mainly concentrating on the decision making the process of management. The secondary goal of Product costing are given below: Control Production is always considered as the major cost of the business, so this cost is always tried by the management to control it. Production costing will also help the management for effective controlling of the cost of the product. It gives detailing of all the expenses used in the production process, which helps the management for getting the control over the business easily (Hart et al., 2012). Budget Each and every firm of the company prepare budget on a regular interval of time, which helps them in a proceeding in a planned way. Production cost can be a useful element for the preparation of the budget. So, management can gather related production cost and do forecasting in the budgets (Horngren et., 2013). Efficiency The business can effectively make use of the production cost for increasing the efficiency of the different level of production. Production costing assigns different expense of production under different overhead and department, based on nature and expense. This way the efficiency level can be achieved on the various levels of the department. As the data of the production costing is very necessary for controlling such system, on an indirect approach efficiency level of the different department will be increased (Kaplan Atkinson,2015). Decision Making Production costing will be providing many useful decisions related to management. The managers are using this method for assessing the expenses related to the different department. It is also used for doing division of the overhead head into fixed and variable. Moreover, it will also be used in computing contribution, Break even unit and margin of safety of the business. So, with the use of statistic, the product costing will help in decision making process by the management (Needles et al., 2013). Preparation of Schedule Cost of goods manufactured Schedule of Cost of goods manufactured is a statement which will show step by step calculation of total production cost. It is made for the ascertainment of the actual manufacturing cost of the product which is to be calculated for a particular time (Needles et al., 2013). The schedule will be having different production related cost for the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured. First of all, basic cost is determined by adding the amount direct material and direct labor to be consumed. That amount is known as Prime cost. Then that amount of the prime cost is added with the amount of factory overhead for calculating factory cost. Production is continuing method. So at the end of specific time, there are many materials left in the inventory which is not under the category of Finished goods, those goods will be coming under the category of work-in-progress. So after adding opening balances for work-in-progress and deducting the closing balances for work-in-progress, the final a mount is said to be the cost of goods manufactured (Maher et al., 2012). Cost of goods sold Schedule of cost of goods sold is computed for determining total expense has occurred for the units to be sold. It is seen that at the end of the certain period all the produced goods are not sold totally, the units which are not sold is called finished goods. The cost of goods sold will be calculated only after the adjustments of opening and closing balances of the finished goods, which will be again added back to the cost of goods manufactured (Needles Crosson,2013). Computation of T Accounts and Overhead Dr. i) Work-in-Progress A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 1st July To, Balance B/f 8000 By, Finished Goods A/c. 121500 To, Raw Materials A/c. 121000 129000 129000 Dr. ii) Accounts Payable A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30-Apr To, Bank A/c. 117500 1st July By, Balance B/f 20000 By, Purchase of Raw Material A/c. 120000 30th June By, Balance C/f 22500 140000 140000 Dr. iii) Manufacturing Overhead A/c. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount 30th June To Bank A/c. 57100 By, Cost of Goods Sold A/c. 57100 57100 57100 Application of Overhead and Actual Overhead Over / Under Valuation of Overhead:- Direct Labor Hours Direct Labor Hours Total Overhead Cost Predetermined Overhead 850 63 53550 Actual Overhead 57100 Under Applied Overhead Rate -3550 Journal Entry The cost of Goods Sold A/c.Dr. $3550 To, Manufacturing Overhead A/c $3550 Discussion and Journal entries for over and under applied Overhead The company maintains a budget for getting forecasting of the business methods and controlling the level of production. It is seen that in many of the cases there is a lot of difference between the actual overhead expenses and budgeted amount (Ward,2012). The distinguishing in the actual and budgeted overhead are divided into two categories, i.e., under applied and over applied overhead. Under applied overhead is referred to when actual overhead is more than budgeted overhead. Whereas, over applied overhead is referred to when budgeted overhead is more than actual overhead. The reasons for those differences are given below: When actual output level is increased or decreased. When actual consumption unit of different cost related factor like, materials, electricity and labor are increasing or decreasing (Warren et al., 2013). When actual per unit cost which is one of the cost factors is increasing or decreasing. Due to the inefficiency of the manufacturing process, which is occurred because of the over consumption of the different component (Weygandt et al., 2015). When budgetary control is strong. When advanced technology is to be implemented (Parker,2012). Journal entries for removing the difference are given below: under applied overhead: The cost of Goods Sold A/c ..Dr. To, Manufacturing Overhead A/c For over applied overhead: Manufacturing Overhead A/c ..Dr. To, Cost of Goods Sold A/c Analysis of Standard Costing Standard costing is one of the famous costing methods for implementing exact budget controls on the process of control (Wagenhofer,2016). In this process, expected standard rates and consumption unit are calculated by considering the openeing balance of the direct material, labor and manufacturing overhead. The component of the cost element is incurred on the budgeted balances and the actual expense. Seafarer Kayaks manager and owner will be having some advantage by applying the strategy of Standard Costing System of the production method:- During the initial stage of operation, there has strong control of the budget. During the financial period, recognization of risk at the end of the financial period will be done (Strumickas Valanciene,2015). On the stage of entry, the recording will be done on the reconciliation of actual expense with that of budgeted expense. Conclusion From the above discussion and analysis, the concept of Production Costing and Standard Costing are clear from each and every aspect of information. The journal entry provided also gives a clear information of the concept related to over and under applied overheads. Applicability of AASB 102 has been properly done and taken into consideration. A proper analysis of the case study of Seafarer Kayaks has been properly done on the with relevant knowledge and research. According to the research done it has been analyzed that Seafarer Kayaks should implement the exact costing method, for getting benefits in the firm. References Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. 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